gross calorific value

gross calorific value
(gross heat of combustion at constant volume), Qv(gross), n
the heat produced by combustion of unit quantity of a solid or liquid fuel when burned at constant volume in an oxygen bomb calorimeter under specified conditions, with the resulting water condensed to a liquid.
DISCUSSION — The conditions are initial oxygen pressure of 2 and 4 MPa (20 to 40 atm), initial and final temperatures between 20 and 35°C (68 to 95°F), products in the form of ash, water (aq), and gaseous carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen. This definition is not applied to gaseous fuels and applies to a volatile liquid fuel only if it is suitably contained during the measurement so that the vapor does not mix with the combustion oxygen before combustion. The gross calorific value is closely related to the internal energy of combustion for the same reaction at constant standard temperature and pressure, ∆U°C(at t°C). It is of opposite sign and differs by a small amount due to energy effects resulting from compression, temperature differences from t, and solution effects that vary with combustion conditions. Because of the variation of conditions allowed in the discussion above, the above definition does not lead to a unique value for any given fuel. However, the specified conditions limit the possible values to a narrow range for which approximate limits can be calculated for a given fuel.

ASTM D121-09a Standard Terminology of Coal and Coke. 2014.

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